HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH

 Mastitis is a significant concern in dairy animal production systems, as it can lead to reduced milk production, decreased milk quality, and increased veterinary and treatment costs. Effective control of mastitis is essential to maintain a healthy and productive dairy herd. Here are some key strategies to control mastitis in dairy animal production systems: Hygiene and Sanitation: Implement strict hygiene practices in the milking parlor and surrounding areas. Ensure that milking equipment is clean and properly maintained. Provide clean, dry, and comfortable bedding for the animals. Proper Milking Techniques: Train milkers in proper milking techniques to prevent injury to the udder. Use appropriate pre-milking and post-milking teat disinfection procedures. Ensure that cows are not over-milked or under-milked. Culling: Remove chronically infected cows from the herd as they are a significant so...

Livestock farming in resource-limited settings, often referred to as small-scale or subsistence farming, poses unique challenges and opportunities. These settings are typically characterized by limited access to land, water, capital, and technology. However, livestock farming can still be a valuable source of income, food, and nutrition in such areas. Here are some key considerations for livestock farming in resource-limited settings: Selecting the Right Livestock : Choose livestock species that are well-suited to the local environment, climate, and available resources. Indigenous or local breeds may be more adapted to the conditions and require less input. Optimal Use of Land : Maximize land use efficiency by practicing rotational grazing, mixed farming (combining crops and livestock), and optimizing forage and pasture management. Water Management : Efficient water use is critical. Implement rainwater harvesting, construct small-scale po...