HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH

 Climate change has profound implications for the health of livestock, humans, and wildlife, primarily through its influence on the distribution, prevalence, and severity of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Here is an overview of its impacts: 1. Impact on Livestock Diseases a. Vector-Borne Diseases Expansion of Vectors : Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns allow disease vectors like ticks, mosquitoes, and midges to expand into new regions, spreading diseases such as: Bluetongue : Transmitted by midges, now occurring in previously unaffected temperate zones. Rift Valley Fever : Linked to heavy rainfall and flooding. Tick-Borne Diseases : Such as babesiosis and anaplasmosis. b. Environmental Stress Heat stress reduces livestock immunity, making them more susceptible to diseases such as mastitis and respiratory illnesses. Changes in water availability and quality can lead to outbreaks of diseases like anthrax, which thrives in drought-prone areas when dormant sp

 eeping livestock away from wildlife is crucial for maintaining their health and ensuring optimal productivity. Here are the top reasons: 1. Disease Prevention Zoonotic Diseases : Wildlife can carry pathogens transmissible to livestock, such as brucellosis, tuberculosis, and foot-and-mouth disease. Emerging Infectious Diseases : Cross-species transmission can introduce new, potentially devastating diseases. Parasites : Wildlife often harbor external and internal parasites that can infect livestock. 2. Biosecurity Controlled Environments : Livestock raised in biosecure conditions are less likely to experience outbreaks. Disease Spread Mitigation : Preventing wildlife-livestock interaction minimizes risks of disease spread between herds and to humans. 3. Food Safety Contamination Risk : Wildlife can contaminate feed, water, and grazing areas with feces, introducing harmful bacteria like Salmonella and E. coli . Residue Monitoring : Wildlife interference complicates monitoring systems fo